The past five years have seen a veritable explosion of research into alternative proteins and in the number of companies entering the sector. As the vast majority of protein consumed today is derived from livestock, there would be huge benefits for both the environment and the climate if more protein could be produced using fewer resources. And yet consumers in these parts remain to be convinced by alternative products. Cultural barriers stand in the way. Customers purchase what they are already familiar with. Which products have the potential to shake off the niche label and enjoy mainstream commercial success?

“The inefficiency of animal proteins”

The Good Food Institute in Tel-Aviv is a science-based non-profit organization which aims to promote research and innovation within Israel’s alternative proteins sector. Aviv Oren from the Institute begins his presentation with an overview of the issues. Why should we even consider alternative proteins? “It is a straightforward equation,” he says. 30 percent of the world’s land is used for agriculture. And 70 percent of agricultural land is now used to feed livestock. According to FAO forecasts, the demand for animal products will double over the next decade. “There is not enough land available to meet this demand for meat and dairy products,” says Aviv Oren. It will therefore be necessary to produce protein differently in the future.

“Animal protein is very inefficient to produce. It takes 34 calories of feed to obtain a single calorie of energy from a cow,” Oren goes on to explain. This has a negative impact on natural resources, such as water and land. And intensive livestock farming and the associated methane emissions are also driving climate change. Animal protein ought therefore to be increasingly replaced by alternatives in the future. “For people to switch to alternative products, we need protein that looks, tastes, and can be prepared in the same way as the “real” thing,” adds Oren. Alternative dairy products in particular have shown that this is possible. In the United States, they already make up 16 percent of the market.

Cow-free milk

The Israeli start-up “Remilk” has already achieved considerable success in the alternative milk protein sector. It uses precision fermentation to produce a milk that tastes and looks identical to actual cow’s milk. Precision fermentation has been in use for several decades. “Our manufacturing process is very similar to the principle of beer production,” says Ben Adivi from “Remilk”. The starting point is a single cell equipped with the milk protein gene from a cow. With the addition of water, sugars, and optimal conditions to thrive, the cell multiplies in a large steel tank, producing large quantities of milk proteins. Through an isolation process, the resulting milk proteins separated and dried into a white powder. This can then be further formulated into any dairy product (milk, yogurt, ice cream, etc.).

“We get a real dairy product this way without a single cow," Adivi says. "The products are lactose-free and are on par with the originals in terms of taste." In addition, the environmental footprint is significantly smaller. Various food manufacturers in Israel and around the world are expressing great interest in the "cow-free" milk.

“The authorization of alternative technologies”

At present, it is unclear whether “Remilk” products will find their way onto the shelves of Swiss stores anytime soon. According to the Coop Plant Based Food Report 2022, the potential is there. At present, 27 percent of customers consume plant-based alternatives several times a month. However, alternative products are facing difficulties. Milk and cheese products are deeply rooted in Swiss culture. Consumers purchase what they are already familiar with. To enable protein products to nonetheless gain traction in Switzerland, the Swiss Protein Association (SPA) is committed to improving the regulatory environment. The organization’s members include major Swiss meat processors, such as the “Bell Food Group AG” and “Migros Industry”, who are also involved in the development of alternative proteins.

“Alternatives mean change and that can induce fear. We therefore advocate a non-ideological dialog,” says Karola Krell from the SPA. Better access to consumer information is a top priority: “Foods made from and using alternative products need to be easy to identify,” says Krell. An important issue for the SPA is also the authorization of new production technologies, such as cell cultures and fermentation procedures. However, strict legal regulations govern the development and testing of foods produced using new technologies. . “Unfortunately, this also hinders innovation and company investment in the alternative protein products sector in Switzerland,” says Krell.