In April 2021, the Sri Lankan government voted to ban chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The agricultural sector—roughly two million farmers—was expected to change over to entirely organic farming more or less overnight, and there was an immediate ban on fertilizer imports. The ramifications quickly became apparent. As the Zurich-based Sunday paper “NZZ am Sonntag” reported, rice production fell by 25 percent in the first six months after the fertilizer ban. Rice suddenly had to be imported for a total of USD 450 million, even though Sri Lanka had previously been able to produce sufficient rice itself. The supermarket price of rice doubled, making rice unaffordable for many households.

Vegetable gardens suddenly empty

Sri Lanka is renowned for its tea production, yet even that has been affected by the switch to organic farming. Within those same six months, yields from the tea plantations fell by a third. This also hit many people hard, as tea exports have been a guarantor of hard currency. When synthetic fertilizers and pesticides were still permitted, Sri Lankan teas represented around a quarter of the world’s tea production. Yet, plantation owners and big landowners were not the only ones affected by forced organic farming. In Sri Lanka, millions of people grow vegetables in their own gardens. Many now faced empty vegetable plots and were forced to pay exorbitant prices for produce at markets. In the “NZZ am Sonntag,” Razeen Sally from the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, a prestigious think-tank on economic policy, calls the compulsory changeover to organic farming an “inconceivably stupid idea” and believes that no other misguided decision could have pitted such a broad spectrum of the population against the government.