The reports were spectacular: In mid-November, the Canton of Zug imposed an immediate sales ban on perch and pike from Lake Zug. For the local fishing industry and especially for the lakeside restaurants that liked to serve their crispy perch fillets, this was a severe blow. Earlier, the government of St. Gallen had already banned the sale of meat with excessively high PFAS levels. Many consumers wondered: What can we even eat anymore?

A study by the Association of Cantonal Chemists (VKCS) provides meaningful reassurance, as the Tages-Anzeiger reports: “In an analysis of 900 food products sold in Switzerland, only 0.8 percent of samples were flagged for exceeding the legal maximum levels for PFAS.” The focus was on foods of animal origin: 401 meat, 282 egg and 206 fish samples. Five beef samples as well as one egg and one fish sample showed elevated PFAS levels. Among 276 dairy products, only two milk samples and one yogurt were flagged.

The figures show that the fishermen are not wrong to criticize the sales ban imposed by the Zug government. And that the case of Lake Zug cannot simply be applied to Switzerland as a whole. The VKCS study is representative: samples were taken in retail stores across the country and weighted according to the respective population size. As VKCS President Alda Breitenmoser explains: “Consumers in Switzerland do not need to fear that their shopping baskets contain food excessively contaminated with PFAS.”

It remains unclear, however, whether the contaminated products originate from Switzerland or abroad. Around 70 percent of the tested foods came from Switzerland and Liechtenstein; the rest were imported goods. What is already clear is that Switzerland is engaged in a broad discussion about how to deal with PFAS. As elsewhere, the same principle applies: regulating substances that have few viable alternatives for many applications must be risk-based. A blanket ban would be misguided, as chemistry expert Dominique Werner of Scienceindustries also notes. The Federal Council shares this view: on 19 December 2025, it decided to launch an action plan on PFAS, aimed primarily at consolidating ongoing measures and improving coordination and information among all stakeholders.